I’m not sure what you’re referring to? You’re on a forum dedicated to a Spanish football club. Thus, you should be well aware that Europe was largely civilized by the Amazigh, African Muslims from the Maghreb known during the European Middle Ages as the Moors, who ruled in the Iberian Peninsula from 711-1492. Not only did they lay the foundations for Christian Spain (established between 1469-1516 CE), but also the wider European Renaissance, through the introduction of mathematics (Algebra, Arabic word), classical philosophy (translated classical Greek philosophy into Latin for wider consumption amongst European clergy), university systems, regular bathing, central plumbing, etc.
The Moorish presence in Spain was contemporaneous with the Viking incursions upon northern Europe—the contrast between these two groups’ civilizing features was stark. Islamic Iberia possessed state institutions, universities, libraries, hospitals, taxation systems, public sanitation, and monumental architecture while Viking polities were mostly isolated to raids and runes. Mind you, proto-writing systems didn’t emerge in northern and Eastern Europe until the 6th century BCE (Celts) and 2nd century CE (Germanics) respectively, was derivative of Mediterranean and/or Christian script, while literacy did not become widespread until well after the Middle Ages. In contrast to Africa, one of the cradles of civilization, where writing was developed independently and literacy has been widespread for millennia.
